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方法與來源

這個測驗怎麼算

29 題,六個面向,每個面向 0 到 100 分。六個分數再算出你的 2030 分數、你的工作到 2030 年的四塊比例,和你在座標圖上的類型。每一步都寫在下面,所有引用的數字在 2026 年 9 月 28 日 對回機構自己的網頁或 PDF。

1. 六個面向與題目怎麼選

我們先從研究裡找出「決定一個人在 AI 時代處境」的變數,再把它們歸成六個面向。每個面向對應到一組研究:

題目的兩個原則:任何行業、任何階段都答得出來(沒有只問某一種職業的題目);每一題都有一個公開發表的研究支撐,寫在題目的背景說明裡。沒有研究支撐的直覺,不出題。

2. 每個面向怎麼算

每一題的五個選項各對應一個 0 到 100 的值(由上而下),一題可以同時餵給一個主要面向和一個次要面向(次要面向權重減半)。面向分數 = 有回答的題目的加權平均。跳過的題目不算;某個面向的題目全部跳過時,那個面向以 50 分計算,報告會標明。至少要回答 18 題才計算。

曝險度是唯一「越高越危險」的面向:文書、翻譯、程式、照流程的工作給高分,現場、動手、錯誤代價高的工作給低分。其他五個面向都是越高越好。

3. 2030 分數怎麼算

先算「未轉化的曝險」:你的工作裡 AI 做得到、而你沒有自己用 AI 去做的部分。

未轉化的曝險 R = 曝險度 × (1 − 0.5 × 互補度 / 100)
安全度 = 100 − R

2030 分數 = 0.25 × 安全度
          + 0.15 × 互補度
          + 0.20 × 判斷與人際
          + 0.15 × 學習速度
          + 0.15 × 結構位置
          + 0.10 × 人味護城河

權重的理由:IMF 與史丹佛的研究都指出,曝險本身不決定結果,曝險有沒有被轉成槓桿才決定,所以安全度和互補度合計占四成;判斷與人際是研究裡最一致的「AI 放大而不是取代」的能力,占兩成;學習與位置各占 15%;護城河占一成,因為它擋得住取代,但擋不住整個領域縮編。

分數等級:

4. 四塊比例怎麼算

架構來自 Acemoglu 與 Restrepo 的任務模型:技術取代一部分任務,也創造新的任務。令 e = 曝險度 / 100、a = 互補度 / 100、m = 護城河 / 100:

k = 0.10 + 0.30 × (0.6 × 學習速度 + 0.4 × 結構位置) / 100

被 AI 接手     = e × (1 − a) × (1 − 0.4 m)
被 AI 放大     = (1 − k) × e × a
仍然是人的事   = (1 − k) × [ (1 − e) + e × (1 − a) × 0.4 m ]
還不存在的新任務 = k × (1 − 被 AI 接手)

四塊加起來剛好是 1,換成整數百分比時用最大餘數法讓總和等於 100。意思是:曝險的任務裡,你自己用 AI 做的部分被放大;沒有用 AI 做的部分會被接手,除非有證照或現場條件把其中四成留在人手上;剩下的工作裡,有 k 的比例會變成今天還不存在的新任務,k 取決於你的學習速度和所在領域的成長(10% 到 40%)。

5. 座標圖與四種類型

橫軸是曝險度。縱軸是駕馭度:

駕馭度 = 0.5 × 互補度 + 0.3 × 學習速度 + 0.2 × 判斷與人際

曝險度 50 分以上算高,駕馭度 55 分以上算高,分成四種類型:

四種類型的依據是史丹佛「Canaries」2026 年 8 月版的第五項發現:AI 用來取代人的職業,年輕人就業在下滑;AI 用來輔助人的職業,就業持平或上升。同樣的曝險,用法決定結果。

6. 限制

7. 參考文獻

依機構分組。每一篇都在 2026 年 9 月 28 日 對回原始頁面;引用的數字寫在題目的背景說明與報告裡。以上研究者與機構都沒有參與或背書本測驗。

諾貝爾獎得主的研究

  1. Acemoglu, D. (2025). The simple macroeconomics of AI. Economic Policy, 40(121), 13–58.(NBER Working Paper 32487,2024 年 5 月。作者為 2024 年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主) https://www.nber.org/papers/w32487
  2. Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2022). Tasks, automation, and the rise in U.S. wage inequality. Econometrica, 90(5), 1973–2016. https://www.econometricsociety.org/publications/econometrica/2022/09/01/Tasks-Automation-and-the-Rise-in-US-Wage-Inequality
  3. Acemoglu, D., & Johnson, S. (2023). Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity. PublicAffairs.(兩位作者為 2024 年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主) https://lectures.princeton.edu/lectures/2023/power-and-progress-our-thousand-year-struggle-over-technology-and-prosperity
  4. Pissarides, C. (2023, September 18). The more I study AI, the more optimistic I get about the labour market. LSE Business Review(訪談;作者為 2010 年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主). https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2023/09/18/christopher-pissarides-the-more-i-study-ai-the-more-optimistic-i-get-about-the-labour-market/
  5. Hinton, G. (2025, December 28). Interview on CNN State of the Union(節目逐字稿;受訪者為 2024 年諾貝爾物理學獎得主). https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/sotu/date/2025-12-28/segment/01

史丹佛、哈佛、MIT、牛津、LMU、TUM 等大學的研究

  1. Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. R. (2025). Generative AI at work. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 140(2), 889–942. https://www.nber.org/papers/w31161
  2. Brynjolfsson, E., Chandar, B., & Chen, R. (2026, August 12). Canaries in the coal mine? Six facts about the recent employment effects of artificial intelligence. Stanford Digital Economy Lab(ADP 資料至 2026 年 6 月). https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publication/canaries-in-the-coal-mine-six-facts-about-the-recent-employment-effects-of-artificial-intelligence/
  3. Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (2026). Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2026, Chapter 4: Economy. https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/ai_index_report_2026_chapter_4_economy.pdf
  4. Dell’Acqua, F., McFowland, E., Mollick, E., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Kellogg, K., Rajendran, S., Krayer, L., Candelon, F., & Lakhani, K. R. (2023). Navigating the jagged technological frontier: Field experimental evidence of the effects of AI on knowledge worker productivity and quality. Harvard Business School Working Paper 24-013.(2026 年刊於 Organization Science) https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4573321
  5. Deming, D. J. (2017). The growing importance of social skills in the labor market. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(4), 1593–1640. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx022
  6. Bick, A., Blandin, A., & Deming, D. J. (2026). The rapid adoption of generative AI. Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2025.02523
  7. Autor, D. (2024). Applying AI to rebuild middle class jobs. NBER Working Paper 32140. https://www.nber.org/papers/w32140
  8. Autor, D. H., Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2003). The skill content of recent technological change: An empirical exploration. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1279–1333. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552801
  9. Noy, S., & Zhang, W. (2023). Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence. Science, 381(6654), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh2586
  10. Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2013). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Oxford Martin School Working Paper.(2017 年刊於 Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280) https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/future-of-employment.pdf
  11. Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2024). Generative AI and the future of work: A reappraisal. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 30(1). https://bjwa.brown.edu/30-1/generative-ai-and-the-future-of-work-a-reappraisal/
  12. Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. (2023). GPTs are GPTs: An early look at the labor market impact potential of large language models. arXiv:2303.10130.(2024 年刊於 Science, 384(6702), 1306–1308) https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130
  13. Mayer, A.-S., Baygi, R., & Buwalda, M. (2025). Generation AI: Job crafting by entry-level professionals in the age of generative AI. Business & Information Systems Engineering.(LMU 研究雜誌 2026 年 2 月報導) https://www.lmu.de/en/about-lmu/structure/central-university-administration/media-relations-and-communications/research-magazine/rethink-02-2025/ai-job-entry/
  14. Felder, M., Eisenreich, K., Fischer, S., Wagner, S., & Chen, T. (2026). Adoption of generative artificial intelligence in the German software engineering industry: An empirical study. FSE Companion 2026. https://portal.fis.tum.de/en/publications/adoption-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-in-the-german-soft/

世界經濟論壇、IMF、ILO、OECD、聯合國

  1. World Economic Forum (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025. Geneva: WEF. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/
  2. Cazzaniga, M., Jaumotte, F., Li, L., Melina, G., Panton, A. J., Pizzinelli, C., Rockall, E., & Tavares, M. M. (2024). Gen-AI: Artificial intelligence and the future of work. IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/2024/001. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2024/01/14/Gen-AI-Artificial-Intelligence-and-the-Future-of-Work-542379
  3. Jaumotte, F., Kim, J., Koll, D., Li, E. Z., Li, L., Melina, G., Song, A., & Tavares, M. M. (2026). Bridging skill gaps for the future: New jobs creation in the AI age. IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/2026/001. https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2026/01/09/bridging-skill-gaps-for-the-future-new-jobs-creation-in-the-ai-age-572136
  4. Gmyrek, P., Berg, J., Kamiński, K., Konopczyński, F., Ładna, A., Nafradi, B., Rosłaniec, K., & Troszyński, M. (2025). Generative AI and jobs: A refined global index of occupational exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure
  5. OECD (2023). OECD Employment Outlook 2023: Artificial Intelligence and the Labour Market. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-employment-outlook-2023_08785bba-en.html
  6. OECD (2026, January 28). AI use by individuals surges across the OECD as adoption by firms continues to expand. https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2026/01/ai-use-by-individuals-surges-across-the-oecd-as-adoption-by-firms-continues-to-expand.html
  7. UNCTAD (2025). Technology and Innovation Report 2025: Inclusive Artificial Intelligence for Development. Geneva: United Nations. https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025
  8. UNDP (2025). Human Development Report 2025: A Matter of Choice — People and Possibilities in the Age of AI. New York: United Nations Development Programme. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2025

德國的官方統計與研究機構

  1. Demirci, O., Hannane, J., & Zhu, X. (2024). Weniger Jobs für Freiberufler durch Künstliche Intelligenz. DIW Wochenbericht 35/2024. https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.912117.de/24-35-1.pdf
  2. Wohlrabe, K. (2025). Mehr KI, weniger Jobs? Was Unternehmen in Deutschland erwarten. ifo Schnelldienst digital, 8/2025.(ifo Institut – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München) https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/sd-digital-2025-08-wohlrabe-ki-beschaeftigungseffekte.pdf
  3. Grienberger, K., Matthes, B., & Paulus, W. (2024). Folgen des technologischen Wandels für den Arbeitsmarkt: Vor allem Hochqualifizierte bekommen die Digitalisierung verstärkt zu spüren. IAB-Kurzbericht 5/2024. https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2024/kb2024-05.pdf
  4. Zika, G., et al. (2025). Künstliche Intelligenz: Potenzielle Effekte für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. IAB-Forschungsbericht 23/2025. https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2025/fb2325.pdf
  5. Friedrich, M., & Kagerl, C. (2026). Künstliche Intelligenz in deutschen Betrieben – Jeder vierte Betrieb nutzt mittlerweile generative KI. IAB-Kurzbericht 8/2026. https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2026/kb2026-08.pdf
  6. Fuchs, J., Söhnlein, D., & Weber, B. (2021). Nur mit einer jährlichen Nettozuwanderung von 400.000 Personen bleibt das Arbeitskräfteangebot langfristig konstant. IAB-Kurzbericht 25/2021(新聞稿). https://iab.de/presseinfo/nur-mit-einer-jaehrlichen-nettozuwanderung-von-400-000-personen-bleibt-das-arbeitskraefteangebot-langfristig-konstant/
  7. Statistisches Bundesamt (2025, November 20). Stellenabbau in der Automobilindustrie: 48 700 weniger Beschäftigte zum Ende des 3. Quartals 2025 als ein Jahr zuvor. Pressemitteilung N067. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2025/11/PD25_N067_42.html
  8. Statistisches Bundesamt (2025). Unternehmen mit Nutzung von Technologien der künstlichen Intelligenz nach Beschäftigtengrößenklassen(表格,2025 年 11 月 24 日). https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Branchen-Unternehmen/Unternehmen/IKT-in-Unternehmen-IKT-Branche/Tabellen/ikti-unternehmen-kuenstliche-intelligenz.html
  9. Statistisches Bundesamt (2025, December 11). 16. koordinierte Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung. Pressemitteilung 446. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2025/12/PD25_446_12.html
  10. Tiedemann, J., & Risius, P. (2025). Jahresrückblick 2024. KOFA Kompakt 02/2025. Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft. https://www.iwkoeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Studien/KOFA_kompakt_und_Studien/2025/KOFA_Kompakt_02-2025_Jahresr%C3%BCckblick_2024.pdf
  11. Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2025). Fachkräfteengpassanalyse 2025. https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/DE/Statischer-Content/Statistiken/Themen-im-Fokus/Fachkraeftebedarf/Fachkraefteengpassanalyse/Fachkraefteengpassanalyse.html
  12. EY (2026, February 17). EY Industriebarometer Q4 2025. https://www.ey.com/de_de/newsroom/2026/02/ey-industriebarometer-q4-2025
  13. Volkswagen AG (2024, December 20). Agreement reached: Volkswagen AG positions itself competitively for the future. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/agreement-reached-volkswagen-ag-positions-itself-competitively-for-the-future-18911
  14. Robert Bosch GmbH (2025, September 25). Maßnahmen zur Schließung der Kostenlücke bei Bosch Mobility – Weiterer Stellenabbau unvermeidbar. https://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/de/aktuelles-presse-statement-zu-entwicklungen-bei-bosch-mobility-279232.html
  15. ZF Friedrichshafen AG (2024, July 26). ZF Group realigns its structures(新聞稿:2028 年底前在德國減少 11,000 到 14,000 個職位). https://press.zf.com/press/en/releases/release_73088.html
  16. Commerzbank AG (2025, February 13). Geschäftsergebnis 2024(新聞稿:2028 年前減少約 3,900 個全職職位,其中約 3,300 個在德國). https://www.commerzbank.de/konzern/newsroom/pressemitteilungen/2025/20250213-pm-geschaeftsergebnis-2024.pdf
  17. Boston Consulting Group (2025, June 26). AI at Work 2025: Zwei Drittel der Deutschen nutzen KI am Arbeitsplatz(新聞稿). https://www.bcg.com/press/26june2025-bcg-studie-zeigt-zwei-drittel-der-deutschen-nutzen-ki-am-arbeitsplatz
  18. Stifterverband & McKinsey (2025, January 15). KI-Kompetenzen in deutschen Unternehmen(新聞稿與研究報告). https://www.stifterverband.org/pressemitteilungen/2025_01_15_ki-kompetenzen_in_unternehmen
  19. Bundesregierung, Make it in Germany: Skilled Immigration Act(2026 年藍卡薪資門檻). https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/skilled-immigration-act

產業與企業研究

  1. Tomlinson, K., Jaffe, S., Wang, W., Counts, S., & Suri, S. (2025). Working with AI: Measuring the applicability of generative AI to occupations. arXiv:2507.07935. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07935
  2. Anthropic (2026, January 15). The Anthropic Economic Index report: Economic primitives. https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-economic-index-january-2026-report
  3. Anthropic (2025, September 15). The Anthropic Economic Index report: Uneven geographic and enterprise AI adoption. https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-economic-index-september-2025-report
  4. Briggs, J., & Tylenda, E. (2026, March 18). How will AI affect the US labor market? Goldman Sachs Research. https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/how-will-ai-affect-the-us-labor-market
  5. Briggs, J., & Dong, S. (2025, August 13). How will AI affect the global workforce? Goldman Sachs Research. https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/how-will-ai-affect-the-global-workforce
  6. Hazan, E., Madgavkar, A., Chui, M., Smit, S., Maor, D., Dandona, G. S., & Huyghues-Despointes, R. (2024). A new future of work: The race to deploy AI and raise skills in Europe and beyond. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/a-new-future-of-work-the-race-to-deploy-ai-and-raise-skills-in-europe-and-beyond
  7. Johansson, S., Madgavkar, A., Schrader, U., Ramírez, M. J., & Rigby, X. (2026). Agents, robots, and us: How AI reshapes work and skills in Europe. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/agents-robots-and-us-how-ai-reshapes-work-and-skills-in-europe
  8. Mayer, H., Yee, L., Chui, M., & Roberts, R. (2025). Superagency in the workplace: Empowering people to unlock AI’s full potential. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/superagency-in-the-workplace-empowering-people-to-unlock-ais-full-potential-at-work
  9. PwC (2025). The Fearless Future: PwC’s 2025 Global AI Jobs Barometer. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/news-room/press-releases/2025/ai-linked-to-a-fourfold-increase-in-productivity-growth.html
  10. PwC (2026). 2026 AI Jobs Barometer: Two futures for jobs in an AI era. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/artificial-intelligence/ai-jobs-barometer.html
  11. SignalFire (2026, June 22). State of Talent Report 2026. https://www.signalfire.com/blog/signalfire-state-of-talent-report-2026
  12. Challenger, Gray & Christmas (2026, August 6). July 2026 Challenger Report: Layoffs fall, hiring picks up, AI leads for fifth straight month. https://www.challengergray.com/blog/challenger-report-layoffs-fall-hiring-picks-up-ai-leads-for-fifth-straight-month/

8. 更新紀錄

看完方法,開始作答。